Arch-ARM: Simple installation
This guide is based on Arch Linux x64 and Raspberry Pi 2 B
Installing Arch-ARM
First to all we need connect our SD-Card via an adapter to our PC. After that, we need to check what's devices is now recognized by system, type on terminal: fdisk -l In this case I used a 16 Gigabytes micros-SD.
[root@arch ~]: fdisk -l
...
Disk /dev/sdb: 14.6 GiB, 15707668480 bytes, 30679040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
...
[root@arch ~]:Well, the micro-SD is recognized by /dev/sdb. Now, the next step is format it and create two partitions.
The next commands is for create the /boot/ (sdb1) partition on your SD Card.
IMPORTANT: It's very important created the first partition as bootable partition!
[root@arch ~]: fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32).
...
Command (m for help): o
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x000000000f0.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ''ENTER''
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ''ENTER''
First sector (2048-30679039, default 2048): ''ENTER''
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-30679039, default 30679039): +100M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 100 MiB.
Partition 1 contains a vfat signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): c
Changed type of particion 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Command (m for help): a
Selected partition 1
The booteable flag on partition1 is enabled now.Now, create the last partition (sdb2), aka /
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ''ENTER''
Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2): ''ENTER''
First sector (206848-30679039, default 206848): ''ENTER''
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (206848-30679039, default 30679039): ''ENTER''
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.5 GiB.
Partition 2 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): w
The partitions table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@arch ~]:IMPORTANT: If you don't see the warning: "Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o:" Don't worry, that warning it's because on my case, the SD Card contains a previous Arch ARM installation.
Now, need to format the partitions with the correct format. For that, type mkfs.vfat for /dev/sdb1 and mkfs.ext4 for /dev/sdb1:
[root@arch ~]: mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1
[root@arch ~]: mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
...
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done.
[root@arch ~]:Now, the SD is ready to install Arch-ARM. But, before that, we need create two temporally folders ./tmp/root/ and ./tmp/boot/ on our host. After that, we need mount the SD partitions in them.
|Directories|
| Host | SD-Card | |
|---|---|---|
| ./tmp/boot/ | <-> | /dev/sdb1 |
| ./tmp/root/ | <-> | /dev/sdb2 |
[root@arch ~]: mkdir ./tmp/boot/
[root@arch ~]: mkdir ./tmp/root/
[root@arch ~]: mount /dev/sdb1 ./tmp/boot/
[root@arch ~]: mount /dev/sdb2 ./tmp/root/Now, download the latest version of Arch ARM rpi 2 and uncompressed with bsdtar.
[root@arch ~]: wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-2-latest.tar.gz
[root@arch ~]: bsdtar -xvpf ArhLinuxARM-rpi-2-latest.tar.gz -C ./tmp/root/Once bsdtar finished, in the same folder, we need move the files from: ./tmp/root/boot/ to ./tmp/boot/ and sync.
[root@arch ~]: mv ./root/boot/* ./boot/
[root@arch ~]: syncThe SD-card is ready to Raspberry. Unmount all partitions of host, and insert SD card to Raspberry board.
[root@arch ~]: umount /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2The first boot!
After power-on the Raspberry we need connect to it via SSH, for that, we need know the IP address which is assigned by modem. After know the IP, connect via SSH:
The default user is: alarm and the password: alarm
The default root user is: root and password: root
[root@arch ~]: ssh alarm@192.168.1.XXChanges 'xx' to IP assign by your router.
The essentials steps.
Now you're connected, we need configure somethings. Type su on the console and login with root (password: root) Removed the default localtime, and linked to new:
To list all zones available, type: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/*
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: rm /etc/localtime
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Mexico_city /etc/localtimeNow, we need generate some environment variables and generate the locale. Uncomment your locale on locale.gen file:
Tip: On nano editor, to save any change you need press 'CTRL + o' key, and 'CTRL + x' to quit.
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/locale.gen
....
#en_DK ISO-8859-1
en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
#en_GB ISO-8859-1
...
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/profile
...
export LANGUAGE=en_GB.UTF-8
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8
...
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: locale-gen
Generating locales...
en_GB.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.We need set clock to UTF and set timezone (in my case Mexico_city):
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/timezoneOptional step, config static IP
For set an static IP we need modify /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network The final result looks like this:
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network
[Match]
Name=eth0
[Network]
Address=192.168.1.xx
Gateway=192.168.1.254
DNS=8.8.4.4Now, disable netctl and dhcp services:
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: systemctl disable netctl
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: systemctl stop dhcpcd
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: systemctl disable dhcpcdEnable and start networkd services:
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: systemctl enable systemd-networkd
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: systemctl start systemd-networkdIf you want change the hostname, you need modified two files: /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/hostname
arch-rpi
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost arch-rpi
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: rebootSystem update, SUDO and Yaourt installation.
First to all, we need generate a pacman key, after that, you can upgrade your system:
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: pacman-key --init
...
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: pacman -Syu
...
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
...
:: Starting full system upgrade...
...
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: rebootAfter sudo installation we need uncomment somes lines in visudo: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL, %sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL, %sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: pacman -S sudo
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: visudo
...
##
## User privilege specification
##
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
## Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
## Same thing without a password
%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
## Uncomment to allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALLNow press ESC key and type :wq for save any change and quit. Now, we need create a group called sudo and add our default user (on this case: alarm)
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: groupadd sudo
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: usermod -a -G sudo alarm
[root@192.168.1.XX ~]: exitNow, install yaourt:
You need have installed base-devel and wget. Only need type: sudo pacman -S base-devel wget
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: wget http://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/package-query.tar.gz
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: tar -xvzf package-query.tar.gz
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: cd package-query/
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: makepkg -si
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: cd ..
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: wget http://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/yaourt.tar.gz
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: tar -xvzf yaourt.tar.gz
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: cd yaourt/
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: makepkg -si
[alarm@192.168.1.XX ~]: cd ..Well, your Arch ARM it's ready. If you want a graphic environment, check my other post: Arch-ARM: XFCE and TigerVNC installation.